Jardiance (empagliflozin) is a medication in the SGLT2 inhibitor class approved for adults with type 2 diabetes to improve blood sugar control and reduce cardiovascular risks. It works by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to more sugar excretion through urine. Many men with diabetes use Jardiance because it also promotes modest weight loss and protects heart health.
While Jardiance provides strong benefits for glycemic management, side effects remain a key concern for male users. Some effects, like urinary tract infections, occur more often in men due to anatomical differences. Others, such as dehydration or low blood sugar, affect both genders but can feel more disruptive during daily activities.
Understanding these side effects helps men prepare and manage them effectively. Most are mild and resolve with time or simple changes, but serious ones need prompt attention. This article covers common and rare effects in males, backed by studies and patient reports, with practical tips for better tolerance.
Common Side Effects in Males
Jardiance increases urine volume by removing excess sugar, which can lead to dehydration if fluid intake stays low. Men often notice more frequent urination, especially at night, disrupting sleep and daily routines. Thirst and dry mouth signal early dehydration.
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) occurs more when Jardiance is combined with insulin or sulfonylureas. Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, confusion, or irritability. Men with active lifestyles or irregular meals face higher risk.
Dizziness or lightheadedness ties to dehydration or blood pressure drops. This happens upon standing quickly or during hot weather. Fainting remains rare but warrants caution around driving or machinery.
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect about 5–10% of male Jardiance users in studies. Increased sugar in urine promotes bacterial growth. Symptoms include burning during urination, frequent urges, and lower abdominal pain.
Men are less prone to UTIs than women but Jardiance raises the risk slightly. Untreated infections can spread to the kidneys. Good hygiene and staying hydrated reduce occurrence.
Prompt antibiotic treatment clears most infections quickly. Recurrent cases may need dose adjustment or switch. Drinking cranberry juice or taking supplements shows mixed results in prevention.
Genital Infections
Genital yeast infections (balanitis) occur in 3–5% of males on Jardiance. High sugar in urine creates a moist environment for yeast growth. Symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, and discharge around the penis.
Uncircumcised men face higher risk because moisture traps under the foreskin. Proper cleaning and drying after urination prevent buildup. Over-the-counter antifungal creams like clotrimazole resolve most cases.
Recurrent infections need medical review. Circumcision or circumcision revision sometimes helps severe cases. Switching medications remains an option when infections persist.
Serious Side Effects to Watch For
Ketoacidosis is a rare but life-threatening complication where the body produces excess ketones. It occurs in less than 1% of users but men with type 1 diabetes or heavy alcohol use face higher risk. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and fruity breath odor.
Fournier’s gangrene—a severe genital infection—has been reported rarely in male SGLT2 users. It causes pain, swelling, and fever in the genital area. Immediate surgery and antibiotics are required. Prompt reporting saves lives.
Amputation risk increases slightly for toes, feet, or legs in men with poor circulation or neuropathy. Studies show a small rise (about 1 in 1,000 users). Foot care and regular checks prevent progression.
Dehydration-Related Risks
Dehydration from increased urination can lead to low blood volume and kidney stress. Men with heart failure or diuretic use face greater risk. Symptoms include dizziness, dry mouth, dark urine, and fatigue.
Acute kidney injury occurs rarely but requires hospital care. It shows as reduced urine output or swelling. Staying hydrated prevents most cases.
Orthostatic hypotension—blood pressure drop upon standing—causes fainting in some. Slow position changes reduce falls. Blood pressure monitoring catches early signs.
Long-Term Effects in Males
Bone density loss appears in some long-term studies. Reduced calcium absorption from increased urine output raises fracture risk. Men over 50 or with osteoporosis history need monitoring.
Vitamin B12 deficiency develops after years of use. Low levels cause fatigue, nerve tingling, and anemia. Annual blood tests catch it early.
Hypomagnesemia—low magnesium—leads to muscle cramps and heart rhythm changes. It occurs after months of high urine output. Supplements restore levels.
Kidney function decline happens rarely but requires eGFR checks. Men with CKD risk factors need close watch. Hydration protects kidneys.
Testosterone levels stay stable in most studies. No significant drop occurs in men. Libido changes tie more to weight loss or diabetes control.
Comparison of Common Side Effects by Gender
| Side Effect | Frequency in Males | Frequency in Females |
|---|---|---|
| Urinary Tract Infections | Moderate (5–10%) | High (15–25%) |
| Genital Infections | Low (3–5%) | Moderate (5–10%) |
| Dehydration | Moderate | Moderate |
| Ketoacidosis | Rare | Rare |
| Bone Fractures | Low (long-term) | Moderate (long-term) |
This table shows gender differences based on clinical data.
Tips to Manage Side Effects in Males
Drink 8–10 glasses of water daily to flush sugar and prevent infections. Cranberry supplements reduce UTI risk. Urinate after sex to clear bacteria.
Practice good genital hygiene with daily washing. Use mild soap and dry thoroughly. Loose cotton underwear prevents moisture buildup.
Monitor blood sugar closely with other diabetes meds. Carry glucose tabs for lows. Eat balanced meals to stabilize levels.
Watch for dehydration signs like dizziness. Increase fluids during hot weather. Add electrolytes if urine volume rises.
Practical Tips for Males:
- Urinate frequently to avoid bladder fullness
- Clean genital area after workouts or sweating
- Wear breathable underwear to reduce moisture
- Check feet daily for cuts or infections
- Track blood pressure weekly at home
For more on managing diabetes medications, visit Healthline.
When to Contact Your Doctor
Severe dehydration with dizziness or confusion needs urgent care. It can lead to falls or kidney strain. IV fluids restore balance quickly.
Persistent genital or urinary pain with fever signals infection. Antibiotics treat most cases. Untreated infections spread.
Unexplained swelling, shortness of breath, or chest pain warrants immediate evaluation. These can indicate heart or kidney issues.
Sudden vision changes or extreme thirst require checks. They may signal ketoacidosis. Blood tests confirm diagnosis.
Ongoing fatigue or muscle cramps after months signal deficiencies. Blood work guides supplements. Dose changes resolve some issues.
For information on diabetes complications, visit CDC.
Conclusion
Jardiance provides strong benefits for blood sugar control and heart protection in men with type 2 diabetes, but side effects like urinary infections, genital yeast issues, dehydration, and rare serious risks require awareness and proactive management. While most effects are mild and resolve quickly, long-term use raises concerns for bone health, kidney function, and nutrient levels that need regular monitoring. By staying hydrated, practicing good hygiene, watching for symptoms, and working closely with a healthcare provider, men can minimize side effects and maximize the medication’s advantages for better overall health.
FAQ
What are the most common side effects of Jardiance in males?
Urinary tract infections, genital yeast infections, and dehydration top the list. Increased urination causes these often. Most are mild and treatable with hygiene and fluids.
Does Jardiance cause genital infections in men?
Yes, about 3–5% of males develop balanitis from sugar in urine promoting yeast growth. Itching, redness, and swelling occur. Antifungal creams clear most cases quickly.
Can Jardiance lead to dehydration in males?
Yes, frequent urination removes fluids and can cause dizziness or thirst. Men on diuretics face higher risk. Drinking 8–10 glasses of water daily prevents most issues.
Is ketoacidosis a risk with Jardiance?
Yes, this rare but serious condition involves excess ketones. Symptoms include nausea and rapid breathing. Men with low insulin or alcohol use need extra caution.
Does long-term Jardiance use affect bones in men?
Long-term use links to slightly higher fracture risk from reduced calcium absorption. Men over 50 should monitor bone density. Calcium and vitamin D supplements help.
Can Jardiance cause kidney problems in males?
Rare acute kidney injury can occur from dehydration. Long-term use associates with modest CKD risk. Men with existing kidney issues need close eGFR monitoring.
Does Jardiance affect testosterone in men?
No significant testosterone changes occur in studies. Libido issues tie more to diabetes control. Weight loss from Jardiance often improves sexual function.
When should males stop Jardiance due to side effects?
Stop if severe dehydration, persistent infections, or ketoacidosis symptoms occur. Mild side effects usually resolve. Doctors guide decisions based on risks and benefits.
Dr. Usman is a medical content reviewer with 12+ years of experience in healthcare research and patient education. He specializes in evidence-based health information, medications, and chronic health topics. His work is based on trusted medical sources and current clinical guidelines to ensure accuracy, transparency, and reliability. Content reviewed by Dr. Usman is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice.